Angular resolution/360 degrees = diameter/2(pi)r
A triangulation method using the apparent diameter of the object, the angular width of the triangular point, looking for r, the distance away from us.
Measuring red shift/blue shift is another method
sigma' - sigma/sigma = Vrel/c
Where sigma' = wavelength of measured radiation by us.
sigma = wavelength of radiation emitted by object.
Vrel = relative velocity of object, either towards or away from us.
c = speed of light.
