It was actually the 1820's and 1830's that the earliest photographic processes were demonstrated to the public. This became possible at that time due to new advances in chemistry that allowed for still images to be captured and preserved on stationary media, like glass and metal, using various compounds of silver.
Photographic film was first produced by George Eastman, later of Eastman Kodak, in the 1880's, which led to the wide proliferation of photography, and eventually the birth of moving pictures, in the early 20th century.
