Inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned are called __________. A. Incentives B. Drives C. Motivation D. Instincts?

Inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned are called instincts. Some examples of instinctive behavior include nesting and flight in birds, fight or flight reactions, newly hatched sea turtles heading towards the water, animal courtship behavior, etc.

• Reflexes

Many reflexes are also clearly instinctive, such as suckling in mammals, jumping out of the way of danger, etc.

• Instinct and Learning

Not all instincts are present at birth, although most preset behavioral patterns, as seen in the sea turtles, for instance, and reflexes are. Some instincts, such as a bird's instinct to fly, arrive later as a result of maturity.

Other instincts involve learning, such as the process of imprinting in birds, when the young learn who their mother is. Ducks and geese, for example, will instinctively follow the first thing they see as their mother, no matter what it is. The instinct to follow is present at birth, following a pair of boots is leaned through imprinting.

Children often appear to have no sense of danger until they get older, they learn to recognize danger as they grow.

• Drive

A drive is a particular physiological need which has to be met, such the sex drive, for instance. If the need is not met, negative tension builds up which can not be relieved until the need is met.

• Incentive

An incentive is the expectation of a positive result if a particular behavior is displayed. Incentives can be used to teach children or animals a certain way in which to behave.

• Motivation

There are two types of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is driven by internal feelings, such as the interest in learning something, the pleasure or enjoyment experienced in performing a task, etc.
Extrinsic motivation depends on external rewards, like payment or praise for a task.