Penicillin works by disruption of the cell wall in some bacterias that have a certain structure (peptidoglycan links) in their cell walls. Humans do not have the particular structures in their cell walls that Penicillin will respond to. There are however allergic reactions to penicillin reported in humans.
Some people are allergic to this penicillin or the virus inside the body is immune to this antibiotic penicillin and can resist its attacks, so your body immune system might be attacked and destroyed.