What encompasses the processes by which our sense organs receive information from the environment?

Sensation

I think this is to do with the nervous system. When you receive information from the environment through your senses, this is called sensation, which is a function of the nervous system. If you click here you will find an overview of this system. You can also try putting key words such as 'process sense organs information' in a search engine, which will give you a choice of articles and answers.