An awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processes, involving the planning, monitoring, and revising of these cognitive processes, is known as __________?

I think the missing word is metacognition. This means being aware of and reflecting on your own thought processes, so that should fit. You could say it's 'thinking about the way you think' to put it simply. If you  look at this overview of the subject it should help you to understand the main principles.