Yes, completely.
On some the term does not apply.
Yes , I know this because I'm very scientifical. That's a word.
- I guess it depends on the atmosphere of the planet in question.
From the internet:
Weather: The state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.An atmosphere (from Greek ἀτμός (atmos), meaning "vapour", and σφαῖρα (sphaira), meaning "sphere"[1][2]) is a layer of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body. An atmosphere is more likely to be retained if its gravity is high and the atmosphere's temperature is low.
(I don't know how the bullets got in this answer.)
Yes! But they may have similar weather phenomenons. Mars has dust devils. Jupiter and Saturn have cyclones, et cetera.