To test for halide ions, which derive from elements in Group VII of the periodic table with seven electrons in their outer shell, such as chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, one must add nitric acid to acidify the solution, lowering its pH and removing any ions.
Ultimately the driving force is energy which is converted from one form to another and helping new elements to form, in this case Silver Nitrate and ammonium. In thermodynamics, driving forces are those factors which are responsible for causing a reaction. All chemical processes need to have some reason for taking place. There are two factors which seem to drive a reaction: All systems strive to release energy so all chemical processes would prefer to undergo an exothermic process, and all systems strive to increase entropy and thus would prefer to undergo a change that leads to a state of greater disorder.
Ideally, chemical processes will accomplish both of these ideas. In reality, many systems are only able to achieve one of them. Under those conditions, the resulting reaction will be dependent upon the temperature of the system. An endothermic process is a process in which there is an increase in the energy of the system. Such a process will have a greater level of internal energy after the system has undergone a change.
Endothermic processes are not the preferred types of changes. Endothermic reactions will fail the Enthalpy driving force. An Energy Level Diagram is a graph that measures the energy content of a system. Many energy level diagrams are a single vertical line. The bottom of the line corresponds to a system with zero energy. The farther up the line a system is located, the greater the energy content of the system. In other words, chemical systems will strive to be located as far down the energy level diagram as possible. To do so will achieve the desired condition of reduced energy content.
Ultimately the driving force is energy which is converted from one form to another and helping new elements to form, in this case Silver Nitrate and ammonium. In thermodynamics, driving forces are those factors which are responsible for causing a reaction. All chemical processes need to have some reason for taking place. There are two factors which seem to drive a reaction: All systems strive to release energy so all chemical processes would prefer to undergo an exothermic process, and all systems strive to increase entropy and thus would prefer to undergo a change that leads to a state of greater disorder.
Ideally, chemical processes will accomplish both of these ideas. In reality, many systems are only able to achieve one of them. Under those conditions, the resulting reaction will be dependent upon the temperature of the system. An endothermic process is a process in which there is an increase in the energy of the system. Such a process will have a greater level of internal energy after the system has undergone a change.
Endothermic processes are not the preferred types of changes. Endothermic reactions will fail the Enthalpy driving force. An Energy Level Diagram is a graph that measures the energy content of a system. Many energy level diagrams are a single vertical line. The bottom of the line corresponds to a system with zero energy. The farther up the line a system is located, the greater the energy content of the system. In other words, chemical systems will strive to be located as far down the energy level diagram as possible. To do so will achieve the desired condition of reduced energy content.
