Food is one of, and if not the most important things in the body. It provides nearly all of the vital nutrients, vitamins and minerals that the body needs to keep running, and then all of the vital sugars, carbohydrates, proteins and fats that the body needs to give itself energy, grow through the splitting of cells and to keep the brain functioning.
Over eighty percent of all food that is eaten is useful to the body, and our digestive system has many different ways, methods and mechanisms to break the sandwich that we ate for lunch into its components to keep our bodies fit and healthy and able to keep up with the active lifestyle of the average human being. In the average sandwich there are sugars that give the body immediate energy; carbohydrates that the body will break down to give slow release energy; fat that the body can use to keep vital organs warm or can store to break down into sugars for quick release energy at a later time; vegetables that the body gets vital nutrients and vitamins from to promote bodily functions; and lastly dairy which will provide a source of calcium to the body to keep bones strong.
Each different part of the food is digested by the body, broken down and then absorbed into the blood, and each different type of food if broken down in a different way. First of all, digestion occurs as soon as food enters the mouth, chewing the food starts to break down the food into smaller morsels that the body can then start to attack chemically. In human saliva there are many enzymes which specialise in breaking down long chain carbohydrate molecules into shorter chain sugars, and complex proteins into basic amino acids. One such enzyme is known as salivary amylase which starts the long process of breaking down the long starch molecules from foods like bread, rice and potatoes into shorter disaccharides and trisaccharides. Food is then formed into a ball shape "bolus" which is then pushed down the oesophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach) through a process of contracting and relaxing the surrounding muscles, known as peristalsis. Once in the stomach, food is digested further by many more enzymes that will concentrate on a specific part of the food to break down. As well as these enzymes, the stomach is full of sulphuric acid which will break the food down further. The stomach also does a form of mechanical digestion by which is will "churn" food in the stomach by relaxing and contracting the muscles in the stomach wall. The broken down food then travels to the intestine where all the useful amino acids, glucose, proteins, vitamins and minerals are absorbed by the wall of the intestine into the blood stream through the processes of active transport, osmosis and diffusion. This leaves food that the body was unable to digest which will be egested in the form of faeces.
Over eighty percent of all food that is eaten is useful to the body, and our digestive system has many different ways, methods and mechanisms to break the sandwich that we ate for lunch into its components to keep our bodies fit and healthy and able to keep up with the active lifestyle of the average human being. In the average sandwich there are sugars that give the body immediate energy; carbohydrates that the body will break down to give slow release energy; fat that the body can use to keep vital organs warm or can store to break down into sugars for quick release energy at a later time; vegetables that the body gets vital nutrients and vitamins from to promote bodily functions; and lastly dairy which will provide a source of calcium to the body to keep bones strong.
Each different part of the food is digested by the body, broken down and then absorbed into the blood, and each different type of food if broken down in a different way. First of all, digestion occurs as soon as food enters the mouth, chewing the food starts to break down the food into smaller morsels that the body can then start to attack chemically. In human saliva there are many enzymes which specialise in breaking down long chain carbohydrate molecules into shorter chain sugars, and complex proteins into basic amino acids. One such enzyme is known as salivary amylase which starts the long process of breaking down the long starch molecules from foods like bread, rice and potatoes into shorter disaccharides and trisaccharides. Food is then formed into a ball shape "bolus" which is then pushed down the oesophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach) through a process of contracting and relaxing the surrounding muscles, known as peristalsis. Once in the stomach, food is digested further by many more enzymes that will concentrate on a specific part of the food to break down. As well as these enzymes, the stomach is full of sulphuric acid which will break the food down further. The stomach also does a form of mechanical digestion by which is will "churn" food in the stomach by relaxing and contracting the muscles in the stomach wall. The broken down food then travels to the intestine where all the useful amino acids, glucose, proteins, vitamins and minerals are absorbed by the wall of the intestine into the blood stream through the processes of active transport, osmosis and diffusion. This leaves food that the body was unable to digest which will be egested in the form of faeces.