What Are Catabolic And Anabolic Enzyme?

Anabolism, also known as biosynthesis, refers to the conversion of small precursors (such as alpha-keto acids, etc.) or basic structural units (such as amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids, etc.) into macromolecular cellular components ( As a process of protein, nucleic acid, etc., it is also called assimilation. Since anabolism can increase the size and structure complexity of a substance, it needs to be degraded into ADP and phosphoric acid by ATP to provide free energy. Synthesis also requires high-energy hydrogen atoms from NADPH.In the life activities, microorganisms can decompose complex macromolecular substances into soluble substances of small molecules and have an energy conversion process. This substance transformation is called catabolism. Most microorganisms can break down sugar and protein, and a few microorganisms can decompose lipids.

Enzymes are often conjugated with small molecules for different purposes. Using industrial enzyme development as an example, enzyme conjugation with small molecules are applied to neutralize or invert charges on the enzyme surface. The effect of modification is based on the nature of the small molecule, the modification degree, and the enzyme used. Thermo-stability is usually the objective. For example, modification of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with anhydrides showed improved thermostability. In addition, enzymes have been used to introduce linkers with different lengths, followed by preparation of enzyme conjugates for immunoassay. HRP is one of the most commonly used enzymes for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In pharmaceutical industry, conjugation of small molecules to enzyme could also contribute in development of medical diagnostics and drug delivery systems.