A cell membrane is the structure that completely encloses every cell, animal or plant. It is a sandwich of two layers of phospholipids that lie tail to tail, forming a good barrier to most substances, and keeping the cytoplasm of the cell from leaking out. However, the cell needs things to get in and out of its cytoplasm and this is where the proteins that are studded into the membrane come into play.
There are many different proteins with different functions but quite a few act as channels ~ specific gateways through which only some substances can pass. This type of membrane protein generally spans the whole depth of the lipid bilayer and substances literally cross them like a bridge. Other proteins are just on the outside of the cell ~ these are more likely to be involved in cell recognition. Some others are just on the inside ~ there are likely to be involved in control of internal cell processes.
There are many different proteins with different functions but quite a few act as channels ~ specific gateways through which only some substances can pass. This type of membrane protein generally spans the whole depth of the lipid bilayer and substances literally cross them like a bridge. Other proteins are just on the outside of the cell ~ these are more likely to be involved in cell recognition. Some others are just on the inside ~ there are likely to be involved in control of internal cell processes.