It's hard to say what type of climate is found in Canada as it is a big country. Northern Canada has a tundra climate, as it extends essentially to the North Pole, as well as subarctic. On the west coast near Vancouver/Victoria, it has climate that is similar to northern California, Oregon, and Washington which can be described as maritime temperate. It also has the same type of climate as you would find in the Rocky Mountain states of the US. And then it also has the continental temperate zone as much of the US has.
I live in Canada so I should know. First pf all it depends on where in the south. In the Niagara region in between the two lakes, it is slightly cooler than the rest of the south, because the lakes give off cool lake air. In the South of the prairies it is very warm because there are not many lakes. In the north, north of toronto, it starts getting cold. 2 hours north of Toronto temperatures reach up to -30 when you get higher up it goes colder and colder. That is because the earth is tilted, and is round. The suns rays don't directly hit the north because of the curvature of the earth, whereas near the equator the rays are direct so it is warmer. The suns same amount of rays hit a larger area in the north, compared to the south. The fact that the same amount of rays is hitting a larger area that makes that area colder. Understand????
