The general definition of a scientist is an individual who aims to acquire knowledge by engaging in systematic activities, in particular by using the scientific method. Typically a scientist will be a specialist in a particular field of science, for example physics, biology or medicine. The general aim of a scientist is to learn more about nature, mathematical, social and physical realms. A scientist is comparatively different from philosophers and engineers in the way that they focus and work. Philosophers will use logic to try to understand the more intangible aspects of life that do not relate to nature. In comparison, scientists use experiments and mathematical equations to come to their understandings. When science does consider aspects of intangible reality, it is referred to as 'natural philosophy'. While engineers develop devices to serve practical purposes, science is based on acquiring knowledge. If science is studied with a purpose of practical utility, it is referred to as 'applied science'.
The term 'scientist' was coined in 1833 by English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell. It was first published in Whewell's review of Mary Somerville's 'On the Connexion of the Physical Science' in 1984. The term was first used in response to the debate about the changing concepts in science. Originally meant to be satirical, Whewell argued that alongside terms such as 'artist' and 'mathematician' there should be something to refer to someone who practices science. He believed that the broad term 'philosopher' that was currently being used was not sufficient. Later, in 1940, Whewell used the term again in a published article in a much more serious manner. He stated that there was a great need for a term to describe a cultivator of science and that a scientist could be a mathematician, physicist or naturalist. This was also the first time that the term physicist was coined too. There was not a particularly positive response to Whewell's suggestion until the late 19th century.
The term 'scientist' was coined in 1833 by English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell. It was first published in Whewell's review of Mary Somerville's 'On the Connexion of the Physical Science' in 1984. The term was first used in response to the debate about the changing concepts in science. Originally meant to be satirical, Whewell argued that alongside terms such as 'artist' and 'mathematician' there should be something to refer to someone who practices science. He believed that the broad term 'philosopher' that was currently being used was not sufficient. Later, in 1940, Whewell used the term again in a published article in a much more serious manner. He stated that there was a great need for a term to describe a cultivator of science and that a scientist could be a mathematician, physicist or naturalist. This was also the first time that the term physicist was coined too. There was not a particularly positive response to Whewell's suggestion until the late 19th century.
